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| 益生菌预处理对心肺转流大鼠术后认知功能的影响 |
| Effect of probiotic pretreatment on cognitive function of rats after cardiopulmonary bypass |
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| DOI：10.12089/jca.2026.01.013 |
| 中文关键词: 益生菌 心肺转流 术后认知功能障碍 犬尿氨酸代谢通路 |
| 英文关键词: Probiotics Cardiopulmonary bypass Postoperative cognitive dysfunction Kynurenine pathway |
| 基金项目:辽宁省自然科学基金（2020JH2/10300051） |
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| 中文摘要: |
目的：观察益生菌预处理对心肺转流（CPB）大鼠术后认知功能的影响，并探讨益生菌减轻认知功能障碍的可能机制。
方法：清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠24只，10周龄，体重400～450 g。采用随机数字表法将大鼠分为四组：假手术组（S组）、益生菌+假手术组（P组）、CPB模型组（M组）和益生菌+CPB模型组（PM组），每组6只。自术前1周起，P组和PM组每天使用益生菌悬液2 ml灌胃，S组和M组每天使用生理盐水2 ml灌胃。所有大鼠麻醉后机械通气行动静脉穿刺，S组和P组不行CPB，M组和PM组行CPB 1 h。采用水迷宫实验记录术前1 d和术后7 d的平台潜伏期、游泳速度、目标象限游泳距离、停留时间和穿越平台次数。术后7 d麻醉下处死大鼠，取静脉血，采用高效液相色谱检测血浆Trp、Kyn浓度并计算Kyn/Trp比值（KTR）。取海马组织，采用Western blot法检测海马组织Aβ和tau蛋白含量，采用HE染色法观察神经元及锥体细胞形态。
结果：与S组比较，P组术后7 d平台潜伏期明显缩短，目标象限游泳距离和穿越平台次数明显增多，停留时间明显延长，Kyn浓度和KTR明显降低，Trp浓度明显升高，海马组织Aβ和tau蛋白含量明显降低（P<0.05）；M组和PM组术后7 d平台潜伏期明显延长，目标象限游泳距离和穿越平台次数明显减少，停留时间明显缩短，Kyn浓度和KTR明显升高，Trp浓度明显降低，海马组织Aβ和tau蛋白含量明显升高（P<0.05）。与P组比较，M组和PM组术后7 d平台潜伏期明显延长，目标象限游泳距离和穿越平台次数明显减少，停留时间明显缩短，Kyn浓度和KTR明显升高，Trp浓度明显降低，海马组织Aβ和tau蛋白含量明显升高（P<0.05）。与M组比较，PM组术后7 d平台潜伏期明显缩短，目标象限游泳距离和穿越平台次数明显增多，停留时间明显延长，Kyn浓度和KTR明显降低，Trp浓度明显升高，海马组织Aβ和tau蛋白含量明显降低（P<0.05）。S组和P组海马组织CA1区锥体细胞排列紧密有序，未见其他神经元变性特征；M组海马组织CA1区锥体细胞排列疏松，胞浆染色不均匀，可见较多核固缩、核浓染的神经元；PM组海马组织CA1区锥体细胞轻度紊乱。
结论： 益生菌预处理可降低CPB大鼠术后7 d的KTR和Aβ、tau蛋白含量，从而改善术后认知功能。 |
| 英文摘要: |
Objective: To observe the effect of probiotic pretreatment on the cognitive function of rats after cardiopulmonary bypass, to explore possible mechanism by which probiotics alleviate cognitive dysfunction.
Methods: Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, SPF grade, 10 weeks old, weighing 400-450 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups by random number table method: sham operation group (group S), probiotics + sham operation group (group P), CPB surgery group (group M), and probiotics + CPB group (group PM), 6 rats in each group. Starting from one week before operation, groups P and PM were given probiotic suspension 2 ml by gavage every day, while groups S and M were given normal saline 2 ml by gavage every day. All rats underwent mechanical ventilation venous puncture after anesthesia. CPB was not performed in groups S and P, while CPB was performed in groups M and PM for 1 hour. The water maze experiment was used to record the platform latency, swimming speed, swimming distance in the target quadrant, the stay time and the number of platform crossing times of rats 1 day before surgery and 7 days after surgery. The rats were sacrificed under anesthesia 7 days after surgery, and venous blood was collected. The concentrations of Trp and Kyn in plasma were detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and the Kyn/Trp ratio (KTR) was calculated. The hippocampal tissues were extracted. The contents of Aβ and tau protein in the hippocampal tissues were detected by Western blot, and HE staining was used for observation the morphology of neurons and pyramidal cells.
Results: Compared with group S, the platform latency was significantly shortened 7 days after surgery, the swimming distance in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossing times were significantly increased, the stay time was significantly prolonged, the Kyn concentration and KTR were significantly decreased, the Trp concentration was significantly increased, and the contents of Aβ and tau protein in the hippocampal tissues were significantly decreased in group P (P < 0.05). Compared with group S, the platform latency was significantly prolonged 7 days after surgery, the swimming distance in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossing times were significantly reduced, the stay time was significantly shortened, the Kyn concentration and KTR were significantly increased, the Trp concentration was significantly decreased, and the contents of Aβ and tau protein in the hippocampal tissues were significantly increased in groups M and PM (P < 0.05). Compared with group P, the platform latency was significantly prolonged 7 days after surgery, the swimming distance in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossing times were significantly reduced, the stay time was significantly shortened, the Kyn concentration and KTR were significantly increased, the Trp concentration was significantly decreased, and the contents of Aβ and tau protein in the hippocampal tissues were significantly increased in groups M and PM (P < 0.05). Compared with group M, the platform latency was significantly shortened 7 days after surgery, the swimming distance in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossing times were significantly increased, the stay time was significantly prolonged, the Kyn concentration and KTR were significantly decreased, the Trp concentration was significantly increased, and the contents of Aβ and tau protein in the hippocampal tissues were significantly decreased in group PM (P < 0.05). The pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampal tissues in groups S and P were closely and orderly arranged, and no other characteristics of neuronal degeneration were observed. In group M, the pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampal tissues were loosely arranged, and the cytoplasmic staining was uneven. A large number of neurons with nuclear consolidation and nuclear intense staining could be seen. There was a mild disorder of pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampal tissues in group PM.
Conclusion: Probiotic pretreatment can reduce KTR, the content of Aβ and tau protein, thereby alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction in rats after cardiopulmonary bypass. |
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